The 1945 Lincoln Wheat Penny is a treasured piece of American numismatic history. Struck during the final year of World War II, this penny not only reflects a pivotal moment in global history but also represents a key collectible in the popular Lincoln cent series. Whether you’re a beginner coin collector or a seasoned numismatist, understanding the 1945 wheat penny’s value, variations, and features can enhance your appreciation of this iconic coin.
History and Background of the 1945 Lincoln Wheat Penny
The Lincoln Wheat Penny, also known as the Lincoln cent, was first issued in 1909 to commemorate the 100th birthday of President Abraham Lincoln. Designed by Victor David Brenner, it was the first U.S. coin to feature a real person rather than a symbolic representation.
By 1945, the Lincoln cent had already been in production for over 35 years. The U.S. Mint continued minting these coins in large numbers during World War II, as pennies were essential for daily commerce.
Unlike the 1943 steel cents that were produced to conserve copper for the war effort, the 1945 wheat pennies were made using a composition of 95% copper and 5% zinc, returning to the pre-war standard.
Mint Marks and Production Numbers
The 1945 Lincoln Wheat Penny was minted at three different locations:
| Mint | Mint Mark | Mintage |
|---|---|---|
| Philadelphia | None | 1,040,515,000 |
| Denver | D | 266,268,000 |
| San Francisco | S | 181,770,000 |
The Philadelphia mint produced the highest number, and these coins carry no mint mark. The Denver (D) and San Francisco (S) mints struck significantly fewer coins, which can sometimes impact collectibility.
Design Features
- Obverse (Front): Features the bust of Abraham Lincoln facing right, the word “LIBERTY” to the left, and the date “1945” to the right. The motto “IN GOD WE TRUST” arcs along the top.
- Reverse (Back): Displays two wheat stalks framing the inscriptions “ONE CENT” and “UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.” The Latin phrase “E PLURIBUS UNUM” appears at the top.
This classic design remained in circulation until 1958, when it was replaced by the Lincoln Memorial reverse.
1945 Wheat Penny Value Guide
The value of a 1945 Lincoln Wheat Penny depends on several factors including mint mark, condition, and rarity of any errors.
1. Circulated Condition (Average Wear):
- 1945 (no mint mark): $0.05 – $0.15
- 1945-D: $0.05 – $0.25
- 1945-S: $0.05 – $0.30
These coins are common in circulated condition and hold more historical than monetary value.
2. Uncirculated (Mint State):
- MS-60 to MS-63: $1 – $5
- MS-64 to MS-65 (Red): $5 – $25
- MS-66 and higher: Can range from $40 to over $100, especially for coins with vibrant red luster and no spotting.
3. Proofs:
The U.S. Mint did not produce proof coins in 1945 due to wartime interruptions.
Grading and Color Classification
Lincoln Wheat Pennies are categorized by their color and condition, especially in uncirculated grades:
- RD (Red): Original mint luster, highly sought-after.
- RB (Red-Brown): Partial red luster, some oxidation.
- BN (Brown): Completely toned, least valuable of the three.
Grading services like PCGS and NGC evaluate color and condition precisely, and a certified coin usually commands a premium.
1945 Wheat Penny Errors and Varieties
While the 1945 wheat penny is fairly common, certain error coins are valuable and heavily pursued by collectors:
1. Off-Center Strikes:
Coins that are not properly centered during minting. A 10% to 50% off-center 1945 penny can sell for $10 to $100, depending on the severity.
2. Double Die Errors (DDO/DDR):
Though rare for 1945, always check for doubling on letters or date, especially under magnification. If verified, these errors can bring in hundreds of dollars.
3. Repunched Mint Marks (RPM):
Look for doubling or misaligned mint marks, especially on 1945-D and 1945-S pennies. These varieties can fetch $5 to $50+.
4. Die Cracks and Cuds:
Irregularities due to aging dies. These are minor errors, often valued between $1 and $20, depending on visibility and size.
Tips for Collectors
- Search Rolls: You can still find 1945 wheat pennies in coin rolls from banks or estate sales.
- Buy Certified Coins: For higher-value specimens, choose coins graded by PCGS or NGC.
- Avoid Cleaning: Cleaning a coin reduces its value. Original surfaces are always preferred.
- Store Properly: Use acid-free holders or coin flips to prevent oxidation and preserve condition.
Is the 1945 Wheat Penny Rare?
In general, the 1945 Lincoln Wheat Penny is not rare, especially in circulated condition. With over 1.4 billion minted across all facilities, it’s one of the most common wheat pennies available today.
However, high-grade red examples, error varieties, and coins with unique features can be considerably more valuable and collectible.
Final Thoughts
The 1945 Lincoln Wheat Penny offers collectors a tangible connection to a critical moment in world history — the final year of World War II. While most of these coins are easily found and modest in value, uncirculated examples and mint errors can provide meaningful returns for collectors.
Whether you’re assembling a complete Lincoln cent collection or simply love American history, the 1945 wheat penny is a worthy and accessible addition to your collection.